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OBJECTIVE：To compare the protective effects model mice between the aboveground and underground parts of Astragalus membranaceus on immunosuppression ，and to provide reference for further utilization and development of A. membranaceus. METHODS ：A total of 240 ICR mice were divided into 4 batches，60 mice in each batch ，with half male and half female. Each batch of mice were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ，A. membranaceus aboveground part and undergroud part low-dose and high-dose groups （3，6 g/kg，by crude drug ）according to body weight and sex ，with 10 mice in each group. Blank group and model group were given normal saline intragastrically. A. Membranaceus groups were given corresponding concentration of drug intragastrically ，10 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 30 days. Except for blank group ， other groups were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide 40 mg/（kg·d）for consecutive 3 days，since 24th day of treatment，to establish immunosuppression model. The levels of serum immunoglobulin （IgG，IgM，IgA），inflammation factors [nitric oxide ，interleukin-2（IL-2），IL-6，tumor necrosis factor-α] and half hemolysis value were detected in each group. Body weight ，thymus index ，spleen index ，phagocytic index ，activity of natural killer （NK）cell，splenic lymphocyte proliferation ability，dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed metamorphosis reaction in mice （by weight difference between left and right ears ） and the number of hemolytic plaque were determined. RESULTS ： Compared with blank group ， the serum levels of immunoglobulin，body weight ，thymus index ，spleen index ，phagocytic index ，NK cell activity ，the proliferation ability of splenic lymphocyte，the number of hemdytic plaque and half hemolysis value were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.05）， while inflammation factor level as well as weight difference between left and right ears were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，above indexes of mice in A. membranaceus groups were improved significantly ，in dose-dependent manner（P＜0.05）. Compared with A. membranaceus undergroud part group ，above indexes of A. membranaceus aboveground part group were improved significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Aboveground and underground part of A. membranaceus both have pretective effect on immunosuppression model mice ，and the effect of aboveground part of A. membranaceus is stronger than underground part of A. membranaceus .
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for ration use of TCM injection. METHODS:The utilization of TCM injections in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of TCM injections increased slowly in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,increasing from 767 581 thousand yuan to 911 759 thousand yuan,with annual growth rate of 8.98%. Total sum of consumption sum of top 10 drugs was 1 326 019.7 thousand yuan,accounting for 51.11% of total. The consumption sum of Hong-hua injection and Shenxiong glucose injection always took up the first 2 places in those years. DDDs of Xuesaitong injection, Shenxiong glucose injection glucose,Honghua injection and Shuxuetong injection always took up the first 4 places in those years. DDC of Xuebijing injection and Kanglaite injection always took up the first and second places in those years. Among top 10 TCM injection in the list of consumption sum,most of B/A was lower than 1.00;B/A of Shuxuetong injection,Xingnaojing injection, Shenqiong glucose injection and Xueshuantong injection were close or equal to 1.00. Xuesaitong injection was the one that B/A>1.00 from beginning to end. CONCLUSIONS:Total use of TCM injection increased steadily and drug use relatively concentrated in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,and rationality of drug use by physicians had been improved gradually.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of anti-tumor essential medicine in the clinic. METHODS:The application of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 was analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A. RESULTS:The total consumption sum of anti-tumor essential medicine in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014 increased from 10 083.65 ten thousand yuan to 15 186.65 ten thousand yuan,with annual increase rate of 22.72%. 3-year total consumption sum was 37 952.45 ten thousand yuan,and the sum of consumption sum of top 10 medicines was 36 742.24 ten thousand yuan,accounting for 96.81%;top 3 medicines were paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and flu-orouracil. During 2012-2014,DDDs had changed to certain extent,and the front medicines contained tegafur,paclitaxel and cyclo-phosphamide,etc;the most increment medicine was paclitaxel (oral),whose annual growth rate was 59.63%;that of tamoxifen decreased year by year,with annual decrease rate of 5.14%. DDC of paclitaxel,oxaliplatin and etoposide were the higher others. Annual B/A of oxaliplatin,fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside were all lower than 1.00. CONCLUSIONS:The lonsumption sum and DDDs of anti-tumor essential medicine had increased reasonably in 39 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2012-2014,while their DDC had kept stable. Main medicines used in the clinic are suitable for numerous indications,and are expensive.
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AIM:To prepare sustained release matrine tablet,and study its drug release test in vitro. METHODS: In combination with HPLC,we studied the cumulative matrine release using HPLC and EC as the sustained materials. RESULTS: The release of matrine was conformed to Higuchi equation. CONCLUSION: The drug release behavior could be well described in vitro,and meet the design criteria,it is easy to be produced.
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AIM: To study the analgesic effect and toxicity of Weifu qitong Capsule (Rhizoma Corydalis, cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Radix Aucklandiae, etc.) to provide experimental data for its clinical application. METHODS: The analgesic effect of Weifu qitong Capsule was assessed by hot-plate test and writhing test, its acute and subacute toxicity studies were also conducted. RESULTS: Taking high dose of Weifu qitong Capsule, after 4.5 h (6.249 g/kg) WFQC could increase pain threshold in hot-plate test. Taking low, middle or high dose of WFQC after 2 h, WFQC could significantly extend writhing latent period and decrease writhing frequency (P